The Intentions of Wm. Garrison essays

The Intentions of Wm. Garrison essays When an author decides to compose a piece of literature, the author usually has a purpose in mind for that piece of work. Whether it is meant to be for entertainment or to get a point across to the reader, the author wishes to reach the reader in some way. The preface of a piece of literature can sometimes be just as important as the story itself. The preface is often used to introduce the story ahead. However, the author of the preface may also have an alternative motive. Such is the case with the preface written by William Lloyd Garrison in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Garrison is in no way objective in writing the preface. Garrison uses this opportunity to put forth his views on slavery to persuade the reader to support the anti-slavery cause. While Douglass is simply stating facts about slave life, Garrison is expressing his anti-slavery views to influence the reader. Frederick Douglass wrote his narrative with the goal of exposing the life of a slave, namely himself. Through his shocking account of slave life, Douglass hopes that the reader will change their views toward slavery and help in the fight to end slavery. Throughout the narrative, Douglass gives details to the life he lives and explains to the reader the way a slave is treated and the way they are expected to live. First of all, slaves are separated from their mother at birth by their owners (Douglass, 48). This is done to break them down emotionally and eliminate their sense of family. Without knowing who ones mother or father is, the only person a slave knows to take orders from is their owner. They have no sense of heritage because they only know about being a slave. This is all part of the owners plan to keep the slaves ignorant (47). Slaves are given little food to live on for the month and clothing to wear for the year. It is not uncommon for children to go hungry or w alk around naked (54). Slave...

12 Angry Men The Image of American Democracy with Its Flaws

12 Angry Men The Image of American Democracy with Its Flaws â€Å"12 Angry Men† is an unequaled masterpiece of American literature, which serves to unfold the poignant matters of the legal system, justice, and democracy as it is. â€Å"12 Angry Men† is a gorgeous image of the American democracy in action. Deep inside the play holds a profound patriotic credence in the legal system  in general. This dramatical piece concerns the deliberations of the jury of a homicide trial, centering on Juror Eight, who was the only hanger-back in the whole guilty vote. He didn’t want to prove that others were wrong, he wanted them to look at the situation without personal prejudices or inclinations. Reginald Rose, the author of the play, deliberately uncovers the true men’s faces to see the full picture of America itself. Democracy in Action Abraham Lincoln once said that democracy is the government â€Å"of the people, by the people, and for the people†, and â€Å"12 Angry Men† is the effort to remind about our responsibilities. The democracy will work flawlessly when we honestly carry out our duties when we try to understand each other and stay consolidated, otherwise, the nation will fall. Eventually, the whole point of the jury’s deliberation was not about declaring the accused one guilty or innocent, but about the ability of all those absolutely different 12 men to figure out how to cooperate and make a resolution. WHY DIVERSE TEAMS ARE MORE SUCCESSFUL? The play uses not-using-name approach, addressing to each man as his juror number. This concept totally justifies itself, because such an anonymity makes this drama germane for anyone anywhere in America. The overall situation intends to make a disturbing social comment on the whole legal system of the country and the way prejudices influence it. Justice vs. Prejudice Each juror described in the play wants the verdict to be fair, but the problem is that everyone sees justice in a different light and there is no unique definition of it among the jurors. Juror Eight seeks to remind that when talking about JUSTICE, our desires, passions, backgrounds and failings do not count. This thought made everyone doubt about their personal definition of fairness and look for the right one. Cindy Coffey, an American history blogger, makes such a point: â€Å"This play becomes a public service announcement of sorts in reminding the public that our democratic system renders someone innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt and the civic responsibilities of American citizens should be taken seriously as a right and an honor of being a member of that democratic society.† The United States Constitution, the art of compromise in the modern world, has a principle of an equitable doubt, which means that a defendant is considered to be innocent until proven guilty. This is one of the most enlightened parts of the document, still, some Americans do not understand it as intended. It is just inappropriate to accept blindly the testimony, without any pursuit to figure it out. Doubt – is a powerful thing sometimes. For the Sake of the Country In the play, we distinctly see, that jurors have different and totally unacceptable reasons to convict the accused. While Juror Eight tries to start a serious dialogue about the fate of the accused, others play Tic Tac Toe or just want to leave for Yankees game, another one gets over the flu etc. Is this the design of democracy as we want to see it? Is it really an effective system, when everyone seems to be so indifferent and unenthusiastic about the treatment the accused and so the whole judicial system? The lack of seriousness makes it pointless. Moreover, convicting someone in the terrible crime  due to their social class and/or the race makes it worthless. The democracy is about the collective sense of civic responsibility and duty as the key to justice within the society. The final shot of the film, describing Juror Eight and Juror Nine shaking their hands and introducing themselves, admits the fact, that the men overcame themselves as individuals in the courthouse in order to become unified about the choice they had to make, the decision they were responsible for and the fate of the person they governed. â€Å"12 Angry Men† is an unequaled masterpiece of American literature, which serves to unfold the poignant matters of the legal system, justice, and democracy as it is. Our duty is to be responsible to the society and to ourselves first of all for the way we act, the way we think and the way we govern our country.

Boston Matrix Tool with Product Life Cycle Management Assignment

Boston Matrix Tool with Product Life Cycle Management - Assignment Example It will manage to impact on its ten years strategic market share plan for the system since it will incorporate mature market. This means that the company is not a new entrant in the market, and it can only move on without challenges that can hinder it to develop the strategic market plan for the next ten years. The company has the opportunities of using drones and Geographic Information System for managing oil, gas theft and spillage along the pipelines and their goals is likely to be achieved within the specified timeline. Since the company has been operational for a longer time, challenges are solved when they emerge and thus the ten-year strategic plan being obtained by the specified deadline. Since the enterprise has established a strategy to deal with theft and spillage of the pipes, prevention of environment degradation is one of the impacts that are going to be achieved. For example, air and water pollutions are going to be minimized since the industries can embark on the stra tegies set. For example, pollution will be controlled through immersion of carbon (Henderson, 2004). Water is polluted due to spillage of oil, and this can only be curbed if pipes that transport oil are going to be lick proof and use the synchronization mode of oil transportation.

Nestle's Commitment to Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nestle's Commitment to Africa - Essay Example Nestle has worked hard to overcome the injury caused by its mistakes. Nestle has done certain things to improve its image in Africa. It continues to employ over 10,000 people on the continent, and its partners employ another 50,000. Moreover, Nestle contributes to UN development projects meaning to eliminate poverty and hunger as well as combating disease. No one can turn back the clock, but people can try to make a better tomorrow. 3. Nevertheless, there is always room for improvement. Nestle may be able to improve its commitment in Africa. It could do so by directly addressing the 30 year old errors in had made. If it has not done so already, it would be wise to publicly admit and explain the course of its mistakes. In so doing, Nestle could also set an example to make genuinely self-imposed restitution to the injured parties and communities. Ultimately, it people should take care to do what is right in any

Caravaggio’s Religious Imagery Essay Example for Free

Caravaggio’s Religious Imagery Essay The topic to be examined involves the iconological study of selected religious works by Italian artist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. The term iconological refers to the study of visual imagery and its symbolism and interpretation, especially in social or political terms. The primary purpose of this research paper is to study the symbolism of Caravaggio’s paintings and their impact on society in a historical sense through present day. A secondary purpose is to determine the extent to which, if any, that his art has influenced politics and religion dating back to the late sixteenth century. There are three facets of the research problem: (1) the impact of the new Baroque style of painting that Caravaggio defined; (2) the influence that his religious works had on the church, politics, and society; and (3) the iconological study of Caravaggio. The study is significant for two reasons. First, since art and culture have major influence on society and history, it is important to recognize Caravaggio for his role in averting the threat of Protestantism by replacing the ruling Mannerism period of European painting with his radical naturalistic approach to chiaroscuro. The term chiaroscuro refers to a painting technique that involves an intricate use of shadow and light. Second, the study will address the implications for art and religion in society in relation to the issue of barriers and obstacles that have been faced and whether they have been truly overcome. Hypotheses Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio profoundly changed the art world, bringing about definitiveness to Baroque and eliminating Mannerism. Caravaggio’s authentic religious works that filled the Counter-Reformation Church helped to form specific religions based on imagery. The symbolism and interpretation of Caravaggio’s religious pieces was that they were radically natural, combining theatre and drama with close physical observations. In proving the above hypotheses to be true through utilization of the following methodology, the impact of Caravaggio on religion and society will be obvious. It is also necessary to take other scholars who have come before him into consideration in order to detail exactly what impact his works have made. Although he was somewhat ignored after a short period of fame in the seventeenth century, until the twentieth century, he is to be formally credited with the evolution of art from Mannerism to the new Baroque. There has been an overall positive impact on art and religion because of his development. Methodology The research will use a non-experimental design. The data collection method will be a combination of observation, interviews, and the use of preexisting records. After an initial period in Australia, becoming familiar with relevant secondary material on the subject I will go to Italy to analyze paintings first hand. The three religious works by Caravaggio that have been selected for personal observation in situ are as follows: n Deposition of Christ in the Sepulchre, 1602-1603, Oil on Canvas, 300 x 203cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican City n The Calling of Saint Matthew, 1599-1600, Oil on Canvas, 322 x 340cm, Contareli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome n Crucifixion of Saint Peter, 1600, Oil on Canvas, 230 x 175cm, Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Literature Review In researching the identified topic, many of the traditional sources, articles and books, on Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio and his works were that of negativity giving him little or no credit for the profound impact he has had on art history. The intention of this research paper is to disclose the truth through interpretation while counter-arguing past research on the subject that is seemingly incorrectly represented. Primary Sources Alpers, Svetlana. ‘Describe or Narrate? A Problem in Realistic Representation. ’ New Literary History, Vol 8:1, Readers and Spectators: Some Views and Reviews (Autumn 1976), pp. 15-41 This article, taken from the New Literary History journal, volume 8, discusses Caravaggio as a great artist but describes his art as offensive and vulgar rather than profound and evolutionary. In order to validly make my claim, it is necessary to show arguments against my stated hypotheses and counter them effectively, which is why this article will be of significant use to me in compiling my extracted information. Chorpenning, Joseph F. ‘Another Look at Caravaggio and Religion. ’ Artibus et Historiae, Vol 8:16 (1987), pp. 149-158 I believe this journal article can provide the basis for my project. It is very similar to the intentions of my research paper and will help to make my finished piece a worthwhile, significant, and original investigation for the truth. Friedlaender, Walter F. Caravaggio Studies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955 Walter Friedlaender, the author of Caravaggio Studies, is one of the first to write about the obscure Italian artist. Although sections of the biography appear to be speculative, there is a great deal of information that is unavailable elsewhere in this book.

Dear Patrick, :: Creative Writing Letter Essays

Dear Patrick, I wake in the morning. I dress: khakis, black tank top, denim jacket. Leather belt hanging low on the hips. A pink scarf around the neck for a feminine touch. There is an exhibit at the Met I've been wanting to see: "Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed." I go, because I'm drawn to it, drawn to how we have altered our bodies throughout the centuries with fashion, flashing womanhood like a neon sign. How we have created ourselves through dress, over and over again. There is one piece in particular that catches my attention, a long gown sewn with scales and feathers, myriad, iridescent, with the torso sculpted as a snake's belly. I don't know what to make of it. There is something in me that resists. I cannot identify myself with her. It's like looking into the mirror, that moment of confusion. That's not me. There was a distance between me as a woman and the creature in the dress, even though I knew that under that dress she was just as solid as I am, just as warm. She was othered by that dress. Woman and not-woman, snake and Eve, both at once. Monstrous. You come by later to visit, and we sit down with the catalog and look. When I show you the picture of the snake dress, you say, "That's dead sexy." I was offended, initially. Confused. Looking at the photograph now, though, the catalog spread open on my desk, I can see what you mean. On a mannequin, as it was at the exhibit, the dress was just a curiosity, something by P.T. Barnum. The Incredible Snake Lady. On a real woman, it is transformative. She is exotic, terrible, powerful. Sexy. Sexy because she is powerful, because she stands with such command and ease. I want to beher, alien as she is, to own that alchemy of sex and authority. "al ·che ·my Pronunciation Key ( l k -m ) n. 1. A medieval chemical philosophy having as its asserted aims the transmutation of base metals into gold. . ." Alchemists saw in matter something indiscrete, something without boundaries. Substances were implicated in each other, irreducible. The difference between gold and iron was simply a matter of scale, one easily able to shift into another. In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, her protagonist studied alchemy before creating his monster. The monster itself is a creation of alchemy, a "phantasm," in the words of Mary Shelley, caught between worlds: both living and dead, man and machine.

8 Common Types of Computer Viruses Essay

Dictionary.com defines a computer virus as â€Å"a segment of self-replicating code planted illegally in a computer program, often to damage or shut down a system or network (â€Å"Virus,† 2012).† The term virus has become more generic over the years and has come to represent any type of malware, or malicious software. There are many types of malware that can be classified as viruses but it is the intention of this paper to examine 8 of the most common types. These types are virus, worms, trojans, adware/pop-up ads, spyware, keyloggers, rootkits, and scareware. * Virus- as defined above, a virus is self-replicating code planted in a computer program. This malware’s sole purpose is to destroy or shut down systems and networks. (â€Å"Virus,† 2012). * Worms- These are standalone programs whose sole purpose is to replicate and spread themselves to other computers. Their main use is to search for and delete certain files from computers. * Trojans- This malware is designed to look like a useful program while giving control of the computer to another computer. It can be used for several malicious things: * As part of a botnet to use automated spamming or distribute denial-of-service attacks. * Electronic money theft * Data theft * Downloading or uploading of files to the computer * Deletion or modification of files * Crashing the computer * Watching the viewer’s screen * Anonymous internet viewing * Adware/pop-up ads- â€Å"The definition of adware is a software package which displays or downloads advertisements to a computer. These ads are usually in the form of pop-ups, and the goal of adware is to generate revenue for its author. In itself, adware is harmless, however, some of it may come integrated with spyware (What is the definition of adware? 2012).† * Spyware- Malware used to collect information about a user’s browsing habits  or to intercept personal data. (â€Å"Spyware†, 2012). * Keylogger- Using dedicated software or implanted hardware, this malware covertly monitors and records every keystroke made on a remote computer. (â€Å"Keylogger†, 2012). * Rootkits- â€Å"A rootkit is a collection of tools (programs) that enable administrator-level access to a computer or computer network.† â€Å"A rootkit may consist of spyware and other programs that: monitor traffic and keystrokes; create a â€Å"backdoor† into the system for the hacker’s use; alter log files; attack other machines on the network; and alter existing system tools to escape detection. (â€Å"Rootkit†, 2012) * Scareware- This is a class of malware that represents itself as antivirus software even though it is fake. It is used primarily to scam people into purchasing it but in most cases it does not actually do anything. Sometimes it will contain another piece of malware that it injects into the computer system. References Virus. (2012). Virus. Dictionary.com Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com /browse/virus. Spyware. (2012). Spyware. Dictionary.com Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com /browse/spyware. Keylogger. (2012). Keylogger. Dictionary.com Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com /browse/keylogger. Rubenking, Neil J. (2010) â€Å"Antivirus, and much more: when most people talk about antivirus software, they’re really talking about an app that blocks spyware, rootkits, keyloggers, scareware, Trojans, and more–not just viruses. We review 13 antivirus apps that do just that.† PC Magazine : 72+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.itt-tech.edu/ps /i.do?id=GALE%7CA226958047&v=2.1&u=itted&it=r&p=CDB&sw=w. What is. (2012). What is the definition of adware? DirectHit.com. Retrieved from http://www.directhit.com/shopping-answers/what_is_the_definition_of_adware?oo=0 Different Types. (2012). Different types of computer viruses. Buzzle.com. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-computer-viruses.html Rootkit. (2012). Rootkit. SearchMidmarketSecurity. Retrieved from http://searchmidmarketsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/rootkit Scareware. (2012). Scareware. Ask.com. Retrieved from http://www.ask.com/wiki/Scareware

Manage Operational Plan Essay

Assessment activity 1 In your own words, describe the purpose of the operational plan and its relationship to the strategic plan. The purpose of the operational plan is to focus on shorter term objectives usually within 1 up to 3 years. For plans of 2 to 3 years, a more detailed breakdown of shorter timeframes should be included within the body of the document. An operational plan provides detailed information on planning, resource, implementation and funding for projects normally developed from the strategic plan. An operational plan should contain indicators to measure progress and performance. When written an operational plan will be defined by the following questions – Where are we now? – Where do we want to be? – How do we get there? – How do we measure our performance? Operational plans also comprise responsibility, allocation and contingency for variation. Contingency planning is the development of alternative plans to be placed in effect if certain unexpected events occur. There are four main advantages to contingency planning: 1) it helps the organisation get into a better position to cope with unexpected developments; 2) indecision, uncertainty, and delays are reduced when something unusual happens; 3) the organisations responses are likely to be better thought out and more rational; and 4) managers are forced to think in terms of possible outcomes, rather than just the most likely outcome. Operational plans are normally derived from strategic plans; a strategic plan provides formal long term direction for an organisation’s mission, objectives and strategies. These plans define What do we do? Who do we do it for? How do we get there? / How do we succeed? Assessment activity 2 Consultation can be undertaken both formally and informally. Outline some of the tools that can be used for formal consultation and discuss there various merits. Formal tools for consultation include: Information sessions Information sessions provide an instant feedback loop; these information sessions could be called planning sessions or development meetings and provide information to the recipient in several forms ensure all learning mechanisms are catered for. Information sessions also ensure that stakeholders feel involved in decision making processes adding value to the process. This can also be beneficial as it does not provide time for negative thinkers to formulate argument. Invitations for submissions from stakeholders When asking for submissions for stakeholders you are providing a tool for continued commitment and keeping the channel for communications open. Stakeholders will need to provide continued input into the process to ensure holistic development of the plan is achieved. Stakeholder consultation is about initiating and sustaining constructive relationships over time.1 Meetings, workshops, focus groups, one on one interview Meetings workshops and â€Å"one to one† consultation tools aid in providing appropriate and agenda orientated discussion and provide input to existing or identified issues, potential solutions and aid in refining the information provided. These meetings and interviews can be minuted and presented back to the groups as an accurate account and a form of continual improvement ensuring that the items raised are being addressed and not being revisited unnecessarily. A focus group involves inviting a group of participants to share their thoughts, feelings and attitudes. This can be a useful tool for gaining â€Å"buy in†2 to the planning process. This information can then be fed back to the process. Feedback mechanisms By measuring feedback and reporting appropriately it will be possible to capture and report opinion on ideas presented and formulate into input to the planning process. Communication mechanisms such as email, intranet, newsletters and memos surveys These tools are a good way of providing information quickly over large groups in a uniform way. Although hard to measure result, by capturing groups that may otherwise not provide input to the process it is bringing transparency and opportunity to build a robust planning process. Assessment activity 3 In your own words, explain why key performance indicators (KPIs) are an important part of the operational planning process. KPIs can be broken down by acronym; by focusing on the importance of each component of a Key Performance Indicator it will become apparent of the role the KPI plays in the operational plan. Key when it is of fundamental importance in gaining competitive advantage and is a make or break component in the success or failure of the plan. An example only by measuring the shelf space gained by a drinks manufacturer they can measure the growth achieved this can be measured on a short term basis indicating success or failure over the plan period. Another example for a gaol, it may be to reduce the amount of lockdowns or assaults over the plan periods this can then provide information in relation to the implementation of absence policies for staff and intervention programs for inmates to achieve predetermined benchmarks. Relating to Performance when it can be clearly measured, quantified and easily influenced by the organisation or governing body. Indicator if it provides leading information on future performance. It is impossible to establish a KPI without a clear understanding of what is possible – so it must be possible to set upper and lower limits of the KPI in reference to the market and how the competition is performing (or in the  absence of competition, a comparable measurement from a number of similar organisations). Some industries do not have immediately recognisable measures but by study of the environment it is possible to be able identify key areas to be measured and provide input into future development and growth (KPI). Measuring key areas of the operational plan ensure that continual improvement and best practice are maintained and that the plan is achieving expected outcomes. Assessment activity 4 Explain the role of an impact assessment in contingency planning and outline the steps within it. Also known as an impact and risk analysis an impact assessment is the developmental tool to assist in defining the structure and content of the contingency plan. By performing an impact assessment it aids in providing accurate diagnosis relating to the definition of risk as outlined by the operation plan, what may occur. The impact of the risk on the operational plan and its projected outcomes, what is the rating of the risk, how will it manifest itself and how damaging will it be to the plan if it eventuates. Coupled with a series of alternatives, recognitions and formulated responses to the risks the information is fed back into the process and forms the contingency plan. This information can be collated in the form of a matrix; the information can then be measured for weight, possibility of outcome, severity of impact and presented with formulated recommendations for risk minimisation or alternatives. IMPACT MATRIX Header Description Change Impact Summary of impact Description Short description of impact Stakeholder Include stakeholder groups and/or role (if required) Category Category identifies the type of impact People (is there a direct impact on people) Structure & roles (is there an impact on how things are) Culture (is there an overall impact on people/groups as a whole) Process (will there be a change to processes) Skills (will skills need to be developed) Technology (will there be system/technology changes) Level of impact High: Large impact and/or large amount of change Medium: Moderate number impact and/or moderate amount of change Low: No or low impact and/or small amount of change Resistance issues Include any stakeholder resistance issues that may impact awareness, acceptance and /or adoption of the change. Risk of inaction Risk of not implementing some form of change management initiative. Change Actions change actions formulated and used based on all the information for each impact: Ref No. Change Impact Description Stakeholder Category Level of Impact (H/M/L) Resistance Issues Change Actions Risks and issues Mitigation Severity Recommendations: Assessment activity 5 Proposals for resource requirements may outline alternatives to the project under consideration. Why? Outlining alternatives to the project being proposed for consideration can assist in providing justification for presenting the chosen proposal as the desired action to be taken. When providing a list of alternatives, areas such as costing, resource availability, risk, legal implication and obligations and time constraint should be examined. This will bolster the selected proposal and provide transparency to the selection process demonstrating that all options have been taken into consideration and tested for appropriateness. Assessment activity 6 Explain what the acronym SMART stands for, and why it is so important for objectives and targets to be designed with this in mind. SMART is a results driven acronym designed to provide focus to the task and the objective required as a result. S.Should be specific, clear to anyone that has basic knowledge of the project. M.Must be measurable, know that that objective is obtainable and how far away completion is. Be aware of when the task has been completed. A.Agreed upon. Agreement must be reached with all stakeholders about what the objectives should be. The objective should also be achievable. RThe objective should be realistic and relevant and within the abilities of the organisation skills base. TTime based. Is there enough time to compete the task? Are the timeframes realistic i.e. not too long as to effect performance, timelines and completion? An objective that follows SMART is more likely to succeed because it is clear (specific) so you know exactly what needs to be achieved. You can tell when it has been achieved (measurable) because you have a way to measure completion. A SMART objective is likely to happen because it is an event that is achievable. Before setting a SMART objective relevant factors such as resources and time must be taken into account to ensure that it is realistic. Finally the timeline element provides a deadline which helps people focus on the tasks required to achieve the objective. The timeline element stops people postponing task completion and effecting performance. Section 2 Assessment activity 7 In your own words, outline some of the key stages in the recruitment process and briefly explain what should be achieved at each step. Preparation It is vital that the planning and preparation stage of the recruitment process is done effectively for the appointment of a new member of staff to be successful. Human Resources (HR) or a management panel / interview panel will need to think about what their current or future needs are and the best  way to meet them. If the vacancy is a new role HR or the appropriately delegated persons will need to think about the job purpose, responsibilities and experience that they are looking for culminating onto the development of a statement of duties (SOD). If the role is replacing an existing one they will need to consider if any changes need to be made to ensure that the job is fully effective and review all policy documentation appropriately to reflect the identified needs. Advertising Candidates first become aware of a vacancy via advertising or by use of a facilitating recruitment agency. A recruitment advertisement must be written in a clear and concise way so as potential applicants are encouraged to find out more about the organisation and advertised position. Where and when you advertise must be taken into consideration as poorly timed or focusing on the wrong target group with inappropriate media selection will provide poor results in response and will not capture the target market. Planning When planning to recruit it is important to establish a realistic timeframe for each stage prior to beginning the process of recruitment. Having tight deadlines and only leaving a small amount of time for short listing and collation of data can be counterproductive. Careful thought about the whole recruitment process in order to get the best possible outcome is critical. Identification of the method of short listing, scoring and the convening of a selection panel are also important considerations to take into account in the planning stage of recruitment. Selection process A professional recruitment process is crucial, for the validity of the recruitment decision and for the image of the organisation. All applicants should feel that they have been treated fairly throughout the process and be left with the impression that the organisation is a fair, coconscious and ethical employer – somewhere where it would be good to work and develop a career. Appointment Following the interview the panel should make a decision based on all the evidence available as it is applied evenly throughout the recruitment and selection process with reference to the required job description. Assessment activity 8 Outline some of the advantages of using a purchase order. Some advantages of a business purchasing utilising a purchase order management system include; the purchaser having a defined traceable record of transaction that states all relevant information to the sale including things such as purchase and delivery dates, cost of purchase, terms and conditions of payments, authorising persons and collation of information between purchase order and invoice / statement to ensure correct payments without ambiguity of details. Purchase order copies can be used to ensure suppliers dispatch the items that you have ordered upon receipt of goods. A good purchase order management system should have a back order system in place. This enables the purchaser to track and follow up items that have not been received at time of purchase but may be arriving later due to an inability to supply. Used In a larger organisation a purchase order can also provide information for accountancy such as distribution of cost centres and allocation to job numbers for future invoicing. Assessment activity 9 Describe a mechanism for ensuring that operational activities are proceeding according to plan. The balanced score card is a measurement framework which integrates multiple perspectives. The balanced scorecard integrates four sets of measurements, complementing traditional financial measures with those driving future performance. An organisation using this framework is encouraged to develop measures (metrics) that facilitate collection and analysis of information from the following perspectives: The Financial Perspective covers the financial objectives of an organisation and allows managers to track financial success. The Customer Perspective covers the customer objectives such as customer satisfaction, market share goals as well as product and service attributes. The Internal Process Perspective covers internal operational goals and outlines the key processes necessary to deliver the customer objectives. The Learning and Growth Perspective  covers the intangible drivers of future success such as human resource, organisational capital and information capturing including skills, training, organisational culture, leadership, systems and databases Implementation of a balanced scorecard presents an opportunity for an organisation to look at its existing programs, services, and processes. Are the right services being provided to the Customers? (Are we doing the right things?) Are the processes implemented now the most efficient and cost effective. Performance measurements provide a mechanism for the organisation to manage its financial and non-financial performance. Accountability is increased and enhanced, ensuring that projects support the organisational strategy, and that better services and greater satisfaction are provided to the Customer. Performance that is measured and reported will improve. (Are we doing things right?). Specific metrics are developed which can then be analysed to provide answers to these questions. Once appropriate metrics have been identified, data collection and tracking processes are put in place, the organisation can begin to adjust its practices and evaluate its performance over time. A continuous feedback loop is formed, in which the organisation can use measurement information to re-align initiatives as required. Scorecards are effective in aligning an organisation’s business areas and activities with its overall strategy, identifying critical financial and non-financial measures, identifying cause-and effect relationships among measures that may aid in problem diagnosis and encourage accountability across the organisation. When it was first introduced the Balanced Scorecard was presented in a four-box model. The danger with the initial four-box model was that companies can easily create a number of objectives and measures for each perspective without ever linking them. Many organisations produced management dashboards to provide a more comprehensive at a glance view of key performance indicators in these four perspectives. A Strategy Map places the four perspectives in relation to each other to show that the objectives support each other. Strategy maps outline what an organisation wants to accomplish (financial and customer objectives) and how it plans to accomplish it (internal process and learning and growth objectives). This cause-and-effect logic is one of the most important elements of best-practice Balanced Scorecards. It allows companies to create a truly integrated set of strategic objectives on a single page. Assessment activity 10 Name three types of financial report that can be used to track progress and monitor performance. Three types of financial Reports that can be used to measure progress and performance are the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. The balance sheet details a company’s current financial position based on assets, liabilities, and equity. The balance sheet helps answer questions about a company’s liquidity, solvency, and relative position to that of industry competitors. The income statement details a company’s profitability. Net income is found in the income statement and it is determined as revenues less all costs. The income statement sheds light on the company’s ability to spend money (expenses) in order to generate revenues. The cash flow statement details a company’s operating, investing, and financing activities. Because earnings can be manipulated by clever accountants and management, cash flows more accurately reflect the fin ancial performance of a company. Assessment activity 11 What is a gap analysis? Definition: [Gap analysis is a] technique for determining the steps to be taken in moving from a current state to a desired future state. It begins with (1) listing of characteristic factors (such as attributes, competencies, performance levels) of the present situation (â€Å"what is†), (2) cross-lists factors required to achieve the future objectives (â€Å"what should be†), and then (3) highlights the ‘gaps’ that exist and need to be ‘filled.’ Also called need-gap analysis, needs analysis, and needs assessment.3 A gap analysis is the method of improving a company or organisations performance by analysing the reasons for the gap between current results and long-term objectives. Gap analysis begins by asking yourself two basic questions: Where are you now? Where do you want to be? In answering these questions, you need to be as detailed as possible so it will be easier to come up with realistic plans of action. Study your current situation and determine how you are presently performing. A gap analysis conducted on it own will be fruitless unless coupled without proactive solutions incorporated to meet the needs identified in the analysis to ensure effective outcomes and desired results are achieved. Assessment activity 12 Describe the different types of mentoring. Informal mentoring: This form of mentoring option enables employees to enter into an informal style of mentor/protà ©gà © relationship. An informal mentoring partnership has less structure than a formal mentoring process and can occur at any time in a person’s career. The relationship can be initiated by the mentor or protà ©gà ©. Some examples that informal mentoring relationship can be initiated are: A senior level employee that identifies either promise or potential issues in a younger employee‘s path can take them under his or her wing and providing them with advice and guidance to assist them with their current job or career goals; An employee seeking out a senior level employee they admire and together they work to develop a relationship; or A supervisor or a senior level employee recommends a specific employee to the protà ©gà © to receive mentoring. Formal mentoring: Formal mentoring has a structure. It involves an agreement to mentor and be mentored, a clear framework for mentoring and perhaps a program of support. In a formal mentoring relationship, there is discussion of expectations, goals and the process to be used. The frequency and duration of contact is agreed and ground-rules are established. Individuals may establish their own mentoring arrangements or participate in a mentoring program. Peer mentoring: This form of mentoring is when two people undertake a mentoring partnership and take turns in mentoring each other as peers. Each one facilitates the mentoring process by asking questions, listening and reflecting. As in most types of mentoring, there is a place for offering another perspective, expressing an opinion or providing information. However, the decision-making responsibility always remains with the person who will implement and experience the consequences of their own actions. Because the partners recognise each other as peers, it can be easier to offer and receive input as information rather than advice Group mentoring: One mentor can be teamed with several mentees who meet at the same time. As the mentor poses questions, listens and reflects he or she engages all members of the group into the conversation. Each person has their own experience and insight to share and can draw their own learning from the discussion. This can be invaluable to the other attendees as it can provide perspectives that may not be normally considered in a smaller mentoring scenario. Assessment activity 13 Discuss the role of performance monitoring in negotiating variations to operational plans. Effective performance monitoring enables continual risk management in the operational plan process. 360 degree monitoring of the plan and the identification of areas that require adjustment or reassessment can ensure that goals are achieved and KPI’s are met. This will ensure that risk levels can be reduced to minimal impact and contingencies can be implemented if required. With early identification, issues can be resolved by negotiating with authorised persons or groups to enable variation strategies to be approved and implemented. Assessment activity 14 Outline some of the things that organisational policies on documenting performance should cover. When dealing with documenting performance the organisational policies should  have the policy structure in an easily accessible format for example the organisations intranet. These policies should cover; relevant legislation or business guidelines covering expected performance and behaviours within the workplace, relevant performance management guide lines, processes for discipline grievance and appeal structures and guides, storage and access of employee files, audit and assessment guidelines for Work health and safety Compliance to operating models and routines Achievement of output budgets A – Z of relevant forms

6 English 101 Essay Topics About English-Chinese Differences Each Student Should Know

6 English 101 Essay Topics About English-Chinese Differences Each Student Should Know Let’s agree that Chinese and English are two totally different languages pronunciation, grammar, written form, expressions it all differs. From a broader perspective, there are some major differences between. English emphasizes the structure, while Chinese focuses on the meaning. In English, it is very common to see one long sentence with a   long modifier, and pronouns like â€Å"we†, â€Å"she†, â€Å"they† in addition to â€Å"that† and â€Å"which†, to avoid recurrences. The sentence could be very long and complicated, this is especially obvious in legal articles. However, in the Chinese language, generally sentences are shorter and even if it’s a long sentence, it would be divided into several short sentences or phrases by comma. Let’s look at some examples: The sights of Beijing are so numerous that one can spend several weeks here and leave without having seen all of the important ones. Ã¥Å'â€"ä º ¬Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥  Ã¨Æ'Å"Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¤ º ºÃ¥ ° ±Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¨ ¿â„¢Ã¥â€ž ¿Ã¥â€˜â€ Ã¤ ¸Å Ã¥â€¡  Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦ËœÅ¸Ã¦Å"Ÿï ¼Å'ç ¦ »Ã¥ ¼â‚¬Ã¦â€" ¶Ã¤ ¹Å¸Ã¦â€"  Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã¦Å Å Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¦Å"‰é‡ Ã¨ ¦ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â„¢ ¯Ã§â€š ¹Ã§Å"‹å ®Å'。 In English the passive voice is very commonly used. Unlike English, Chinese usually uses the active voice. Let’s take a look at some examples of the Chinese active voice to translate English passive voice: Tea is drunk widely all over the world. ä ¸â€"ç•Å'Ã¥ â€žÃ¥Å" °Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ º ºÃ¤ » ¬Ã©Æ' ½Ã¥â€" Ã¨Å' ¶Ã£â‚¬â€š But sometimes the tables were laid outside in the gardens of stately homes. ä ½â€ Ã¦Å"‰æâ€" ¶Ã¤ ¹Å¸Ã¦Å Å Ã© ¤ Ã¦ ¡Å'摆åˆ °Ã¨ ± ªÃ©â€" ¨Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ®â€¦Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨Å  ±Ã¥â€º ­Ã©â€¡Å'。 In Chinese, idioms are a frequent occurrence, most of them are short four characters. Their goal is to make the expression more vivid, live and compact. In comparison, English is not so rich in this genre. Here are some examples: The gentleman is not a tool. Ã¥ â€ºÃ¥ ­ Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥â„¢ ¨Ã£â‚¬â€š Here come friends afar, how exceedingly happy we are! Ã¥ â€¹Ã¦Å"‹è‡ ªÃ¨ ¿Å"æâ€" ¹Ã¦  ¥Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸ Ã¤ º ¦Ã¤ ¹ Ã¤ ¹Å½Ã¯ ¼Å¸ English is a Latin language, you can guess the pronunciation from its spelling, while Chinese is a character language, it can’t be spelt and you can’t guess the pronunciation from the characters in many cases. Some foreigners use â€Å"spelling† this word on the description of the Chinese language, obviously they have no idea of this language. It is not a romanization language, and can never be spelt. English has far less dialects and accents than Chinese. Due to historical and geographical reasons, the dialects and accents in English don’t have too much difference as that in the Chinese language. The commonly seen word Mandarin actually is a â€Å"standard dialect† of Chinese, and it’s not a written language, just a sort of spoken language. The written form of English is quite simple, while in Chinese it’s varied and that’s the cause of Chinese calligraphy. In English, there’s no variation of the written words, while in Chinese there’re simplified Chinese and traditional Chinese. And dating back to the ancient times in Chinese history, there were running hand, cursive hand, clerical script, etc. The English and Chinese languages are 2 polar means of communication. Though it’s hard to find contact points of them, it’s still possible and crucial to master these two languages. We wish you good luck and hope that our service will help you with that.

How to Write a Good Essay

How to Write a Good Essay This thing that we are about to mention has certainly caused great trouble to all of you at least once in your lifetime. Irrespectively of our current occupation (which does not have to be anything connected to any sort of academic writing) every single one of us has had at least one essay assignment during their lifetime. When we think of all those writing assignments we had at school, we come to the conclusion that each and every one of us has had to write a number of essays during our lifetimes. Now, we all claim to be able to write it, however, not all of us can claim that they can write a good essay. Many times you could not help but wonder why your essay was evaluated so low even though you know you have given the greatest effort in its creation. Writing a good essay is far from easy and here we provide a main guideline which will help you write the perfect essay. To write the perfect essay, there are three main things you should dedicate a piece of your precious time to: planning your essay, writing the first draft (which by no means should be the last draft) and finally the editing and proofreading part. After all that is done, you will have the final and optimal version of the essay. The planning of the essay is always the hardest part because even when you have enough inspiration, you often have several ideas on mind and you cannot decide which one to write in particular, whether you will provide a whole essay on facts about that topic, because in an essay, there is just one topic provided by the title that requires your research, not more than one. Choose the topic which will be appealing for many readers and choose the title and make it intriguing to the readers. The second step consists of two things: first, write down on a bulleted list all ideas you want to incorporate in your essay (a phrase for each idea, nothing more) and using that list write your first draft elaborating on those ideas. Finally it has come the time for the editing and proofreading part. Here you can do whatever you think may improve the quality of your written work. If you think that the sentence from the second paragraph should be changed by other sentence, now is the time to do that. After you have done this, read the whole thing one more time and hand it to the person giving you the task.

The Importance of Development, Communication, and Learning in Teams Essay

The Importance of Development, Communication, and Learning in Teams - Essay Example Importance of Team Development Team development is important because it produces a productive workforce. Team work inspires solidarity among employees and it also helps build trust (Mackin, 2007). This way everyone in the company carries out their duties effectively since they have the support of everyone else. For example, when a company encourages team work among its employees, they will be able to trust each other, communicate better and learn to work together to achieve the company’s objectives. Effective Training Principles For effective team development, the following team principles are necessary: leadership, communication, trust, problem solving and decision making capabilities (Midura and Glover, 2005). In a company scenario, when team members are trained to work as a team, they not only enhance their leadership skills, but they also learn how to trust and communicate more effectively. This helps them solve problems and make decisions that are beneficial for the proje ct at hand. Stages in Team Development The five stages of team development proposed by Bruce Tuckman are: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning (Sugars, 2006). At the forming stage, the team members get to know each other better, they exchange personal information and they also make new friends. It is at this stage that members get a scope of the task at hand. Example: when team members get together to know each other’s names and interests, that is forming. At the storming stage, each team member has different ideas of the project at hand. It is at this stage that the team decides which problems to solve and how to solve them. Example: there may be differences on the reporting time for the team project, but when the members sit and agree on a specific time, the issue is resolved. At the norming stage, the team comes up with a single goal and a plan for carrying out activities. For example: a team might decide that the goal is to build new software in two month s and everyone should take the responsibility in ensuring that that happens. At the performing stage, the team members are actually working together to finish a project without any conflicts. Example: team members working on the algorithms of software can be said to be performing. Adjourning is the final stage that involves the dissolution of the team after a task has been finished. For instance, when a team comes up with new software, there is no more work to be done by the team and so it is dissolved (Midura and Glover, 2005). Communication in Teams Communication in a team helps individuals to achieve what they set out to achieve when they formed the team. When there is communication within the team, the team members are likely to be more efficient in carrying out their duties, and therefore they end up being more productive (Sugars, 2006). Teams communicate when individuals share information about the projects that they are working on. Communication also occurs when each member l ets the others know what his role is and what he expects to get from the team work. Communication allows the team members to develop trust and find ways of resolving conflicts that may arise (Lumsden, Lumsden and Wiethoff, 2010). An example of team communication is when members know each other so well that they are able to help each other out and compliment each other’s efforts without a problem. Team Learning This is the organizational process that involves individuals working

Management information system BD 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management information system BD 1 - Essay Example According to research, there are four strategies for competitive advantage namely cost leadership, differentiation, Low-Cost focus and differentiation focus. Cost leadership entails a business being the cheapest provider of products while differentiation is about provision of unique products. Low cost focus resembles cost leadership with the difference being that it focuses on a niche market. Differentiation focus resembles low cost focus but also includes marketing a product in some unique way. Payoneer Inc. applies low cost focus and differentiation in promoting its competitive advantage. Low cost focus is performed through offering the cheapest transactional charges for global transactions. With differentiation, the company provides MasterCard services which very few banking companies in the world offer. On the other hand, Nokia Inc. applies low cost focus to deliver phone repair services and differentiation focus through provision of unique windows phones (Khosrowpour, 2006). Through the different application of technological approaches both Nokia and Payoneer have become globally recognized companies. Possible Payoneer possibilities of security breach and computer crimes include fraudulent use of MasterCard while Nokia faces that of hacking into their online systems (Sarlak & Hastiani,